《TheRiseandFalloftheThirdReich:AHistoryofNaziGermany第三帝国的兴亡》英文原版电子书

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《TheRiseandFalloftheThirdReich:AHistoryofNaziGermany第三帝国的兴亡》英文原版电子书

内容简介



William L. Shirer had a distinguished career as a foreign correspondent,news commentator, and historian of the contemporary world. He reported from Berlin for the Universal News Service and for CBS on the rise of the Nazis and he covered their fall as a war correspondent. Out of these reports grew his best-sellers Berlin Diary and The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich.Shirer authored many other best-selling books, including The Collapse of the Third Republic, Love and Hatred: The Stormy Marriage of Leo and Sonya Tolstoy, and an autobiography, 20th Century Journey: A Memoir of a Life and the Times, composed of three volumes–The Start: 1904-1930, The Nightmare Years: 1930-1940, and A Native’s Return.” 1945-1988. Shirer died in 1993 in Boston, Massachusetts.

书摘
Chapter 1
BIRTH OF THE THIRD REICH
On the very eve of the birth of the Third Reich a feverish tension gripped Berlin. The Weimar Republic, it seemed obvious to almost everyonse, was about to expire. For more than a year it had been fast crumbling. General Kurt von Schleicher, who like his immediate predecessor, Franz von Papen, cared little for the Republic and less for its democracy, and who, also like him, had ruled as Chancellor by presidential decree without recourse to Parliament, had come to the end of his rope after fifty-seven days in office.
On Saturday, January 28, 1933, he had been abruptly dismissed by the aging President of the Republic, Field Marshal von Hindenburg. Adolf Hitler, leader of the National Socialists, the largest political party in Germany, was demanding for himself the chancellorship of the democratic Republic he had sworn to destroy.
The wildest rumors of what might happen were rife in the capital that fateful winter weekend, and the most alarming of them, as it happened, were not without some foundation. There were reports that Schleicher, in collusion with General Kurt von Hammerstein, the Commander in Chief of the Army, was preparing a putsch with the support of the Potsdam garrison for the purpose of arresting the President and establishing a military dictatorship. There was talk of a Nazi putsch. The Berlin storm troopers, aided by Nazi sympathizers in the police, were to seize the Wilhelmstrasse, where the President’s Palace and most of the government ministries were located. There was talk also of a general strike. On Sunday, January 29, a hundred thousand workers crowded into the Lustgarten in the center of Berlin to demonstrate their opposition to making Hitler Chancellor. One of their leaders attempted to get in touch with General von Hammerstein to propose joint action by the Army and organized labor should Hitler be named to head a new government. Once before, at the time of the Kapp putsch in 1920, a general strike had saved the Republic after the government had fled the capital.
Throughout most of the night from Sunday to Monday Hitler paced up and down his room in the Kaiserhof hotel on the Reichskanzlerplatz, just down the street from the Chancellery. Despite his nervousness he was supremely confident that his hour had struck. For nearly a month he had been secretly negotiating with Papen and the other leaders of the conservative Right. He had had to compromise. He could not have a purely Nazi government. But he could be Chancellor of a coalition government whose members, eight out of eleven of whom were not Nazis, agreed with him on the abolition of the democratic Weimar regime. Only the aged, dour President had seemed to stand in his way. As recently as January 26, two days before the advent of this crucial weekend, the grizzly old Field Marshal had told General von Hammerstein that he had “no intention whatsoever of making that Austrian corporal either Minister of Defense or Chancellor of the Reich.”
Yet under the influence of his son, Major Oskar von Hindenburg, of Otto von Meissner, the State Secretary to the President, of Papen and other members of the palace camarilla, the President was finally weakening. He was eighty-six and fading into senility. On the afternoon of Sunday, January 29, while Hitler was having coffee and cakes with Goebbels and other aides, Hermann Goering, President of the Reichstag and second to Hitler in the Nazi Party, burst in and informed them categorically that on the morrow Hitler would be named Chancellor.
Shortly before noon on Monday, January 30, 1933, Hitler drove over to the Chancellery for an interview with Hindenburg that was to prove fateful for himself, for Germany and for the rest of the world. From a window in the Kaiserhof, Goebbels, Roehm and other Nazi chiefs kept an anxious watch on the door of the Chancellery, where the Fuehrer would shortly be coming out. “We would see from his face whether he had succeeded or not,” Goebbels noted. For even then they were not quite sure. “Our hearts are torn back and forth between doubt, hope, joy and discouragement,” Goebbels jotted down in his diary. “We have been disappointed too often for us to believe wholeheartedly in the great miracle.”
A few moments later they witnessed the miracle. The man with the Charlie Chaplin mustache, who had been a down-and-out tramp in Vienna in his youth, an unknown soldier of World War 1, a derelict in Munich in the first grim postwar days, the somewhat comical leader of the Beer Hall Putsch, this spellbinder who was not even German but Austrian, and who was only forty-three years old, had just been administered the oath as Chancellor of the German Reich.
He drove the hundred yards to the Kaiserhof and was soon with his old cronies, Goebbels, Goering, Roehm and the other Brownshirts who had helped him along the rocky, brawling path to power. “He says nothing, and all of us say nothing,” Goebbels recorded, “but his eyes are full of tears.”

阿道夫·希特勒也许是属于亚历山大、恺撒、拿破仑这一传统的大冒险家兼征服者中的一个,第三帝国也许是走上以前法国、罗马帝国、马其顿所走过的道路的帝国中的一个。那段已经闭幕了的历史,至今依然在人类的心灵中震颤。
本书是全世界畅销的反映纳粹德国历史的巨著它精彩绝伦地记述了被希特勒称为”干秋帝围”而实际上只存在了1 2年零4个月的第三帝国从兴起到覆灭的全部过程。以其大量的、真实的资料成为论述纳粹德国的作品,是希特勒纳粹德国令人颤栗的故事杰出的研究成果。
本书是全世界畅销级的反映纳粹德国历史的巨著它精彩绝伦地记述了被希特勒称为“干秋帝国”而实际上只存在了12年零4个月的第三帝国从兴起到覆灭的全部过程。在短短的12年中;不可一世的第三帝国在人类历史上制造了惨绝人寰的灾难.留下了一段惊心动魄的历史。随着第三帝国的迅速崩溃,人们缴获了大晕秘密文件、私人日记、发言记录以及纳粹党领导人的电话录音,德国外交部485吨档案当时就存放在美军的仓库里,于是一个极端独裁政权的全部秘密和罪恶活动就在它覆灭的同时全部公之于世了这就是本书大量的真实的资料来源。

 

作者简介



   威廉·夏伊勒(William L.shirer),生于美国芝加哥,是著名的驻外特派记者、新闻分析员与世界现代史学家。他为哥伦比亚广播公司担任战地记者期间,报道了许多有关纳粹德国从柏林兴起到灭亡的经过。本书最初于1 959年出版.刚一面世就立即轰动了整个世界。英国著名历史学家特雷弗·罗珀在《纽约时报》上称赞他是将“活着的证人能够与史实结为一体”的非凡杰出的历史学家。他还著有《柏林日记》(1941年)、《第三共和国的崩溃》(1969年)和关于欧洲政治,斯堪的纳维亚的书及三本小说。

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